How to Diagnose and Treat DM in Dogs
What is degenerative myelopathy?
Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a neurological disease in dogs that affects the spinal cord, resulting in slowly progressive hind limb weakness and paralysis.[1] What this means for your furry friend is their spinal cord is slowly degenerating.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease in humans, is similar to what happens in dogs. Progressive muscle weakness and loss of coordination are the hallmark symptoms of DM in pets.
While there is no known cure for DM, regular physical therapy may delay the progression of this painful affliction.
What causes DM in dogs?
The exact cause of DM is unknown.[1] But it is well known that a genetic mutation (SOD-1) indicates that a dog will develop the disease, meaning it is probably inherited in most cases. There are also environmental factors that could be at play.
According to the current understanding of DM, only dogs with two copies of the mutated SOD-1 gene can develop DM. However, there are reports of dogs with two copies of the gene that have not developed DM. Genetic testing can show if a patient has one or two copies of the variants associated with the development of DM.[2]
It is not known if these dogs will develop DM in the future or if there are other factors involved with the development of DM. There is still much to be discovered about DM in dogs and its causes.[1]
What are the signs and symptoms of DM in dogs?
Initially, DM in dogs resembles arthritis because it causes joint pain or weakness. A more common (and sometimes incorrect) diagnosis associated with DM is hip dysplasia, especially in larger breeds.
Early clinical signs include:
Hind paws turning in, also called “knuckling”
Swaying, even when standing still
Falling over easily when pushed from the side
Foot dragging and damaged toenails
Difficulty getting up from a lying position
As DM progresses, the weakness and uncoordinated movements (tripping, wobbling) show that it is actually much different than arthritis or hip dysplasia - and it is a severe physical disability. In worst cases, paralysis of the hind legs is possible.
It should be noted that most affected dogs don’t show a lot of pain, they are just very weak. If a dog appears to be in pain, there could be another condition complicating the condition.[1]
What breeds are most commonly affected?
The genetic mutation mentioned above (SOD-1) is common in several breeds, and at-risk breeds should be tested for the mutation before breeding.[1]
Some of the most popular breeds that commonly develop DM are:
German Shepherds
Siberian Huskies
Collies
Bernese Mountain
Boxers
Golden Retrievers
Dogs aged 4-14 are more likely to develop DM. It is rarely seen in younger dogs. It’s important to understand which breeds develop DM so you’re aware of health issues that could affect your pet’s health in the future.
How is DM in dogs diagnosed?
Veterinarians diagnose DM in dogs based on several factors, including breed, medical history, and a thorough physical exam.
Several tests can also be performed to rule out other potential spinal cord diseases. Testing may include a neurological exam, blood work, X-rays, MRI or CT scan, and spinal fluid analysis.[2] Diagnostic imaging techniques, like MRI and CT, rule out other problems that may be mistaken for DM like arthritis or hip dysplasia.
At times, the diagnosis of DM is challenging and time-consuming. An outpatient diagnostic imaging center for pets is a great place to start. With high-quality imaging and the latest technology, it is easier and faster to get a clear diagnosis.
Is treatment possible?
There is no cure for DM; however, routine physical therapy may delay the clinical progression of this disease.[2] Obesity worsens the condition, so a clean diet and lots of exercise are important pillars of treatment.
Physical therapy treatments have proven to prolong the quality of life in dogs with DM and to preserve muscle mass. Any dog with DM should be kept as physically active as possible for as long as possible. [1]
There are other things owners can do at home to help manage their pet’s comfort with DM:
Padded bed or rugs on hard surfaces in your home
Pet ramps or steps where necessary
Harness to help your pet get up
Booties or socks to help with further damage to their feet
Wheelchair
In any case, your veterinarian can help you understand the next steps. An outpatient imaging center can help get a very detailed picture of your pet’s health. Depending on the severity and progression of your dog’s case of DM, there are physical therapies available to give your best friend the best life possible!
Sage Veterinary Imaging is a Leader in MRI, CT, and Finding Answers For Your Pet
Sage Veterinary Imaging has been operating in Round Rock, Texas for 8 years. With a new location in Sandy, Utah, and more on the way, we are here to help get answers for your pet.
When your pet is acting differently and showing signs of distress, it may need a CT or MRI scan. The radiologists, surgeons, and veterinarians on our team can see more of your pet’s complete health profile - with twice the resolution and in half the time.
Ultimately, we aim to make the most informed decisions to help your pet. And we know you only want the best for your pet. For more information on where to find an MRI or CT scan for dogs in Texas or Utah, go to our Contact Us page to learn more.
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